This book explores the tenacity of Iran’s informal settlements against the backdrop of the World Bank’s USD 80 million loan for physical upgrading. Arefi se

CHAPTER FIVE. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION -- 5.1. Introduction -- 5.2. Structure of Urban Planning and Management in Iran -- 5.3. Position and Role of City Counci

During recent years, the topic of participation has increasingly been gaining importance in Iran – in the scientific field, in practice and rhetoric. However,

During recent years, the topic of participation has increasingly been gaining importance in Iran – in the scientific field, in practice and rhetoric. However,

Who shapes our cities? In an age of increasing urban pluralism, globalization and immigration, decreasing public budgets, and an ongoing crisis of authority amo