This is a study of the nature of Ottoman administration under Sultan Abdulhamid and the effects of this on the three provinces that were to form the modern stat

This is a study of the nature of Ottoman administration under Sultan Abdulhamid and the effects of this on the three provinces that were to form the modern stat

The aim of the Ottoman educational reforms was to raise a class of educated bureaucrats as a means of administrative centralization, and a design to inculcate a

The Ottoman East what is also called Western Armenia, Northern Kurdistan or Eastern Anatolia compared to other peripheries of the Ottoman Empire, has received v

This is a comprehensive new operational military history of the Ottoman army during the First World War. Drawing from archives, official military histories, per