The Bottom Translation represents the first critical attempt at applying the ideas and methods of the great Russian critic, Mikhail Bakhtin, to the works of Sha

The 700-year history of the novel in English defies straightforward telling. Geographically and culturally boundless, with contributions from Great Britain, Ire

Exploring Translation Theories presents a comprehensive analysis of the core contemporary paradigms of Western translation theory. The book covers theories of e

This book, adopting the perspective of cross-cultural communication, theoretically justifies and addresses human variational translation practice for the first

The field of machine translation (MT) - the automation of translation between human languages - has existed for more than 50 years. MT helped to usher in the fi