Divergencies in quantum field theory referred to as ?infinite zero-point energy? have been a problem for 70 years. Renormalization has always been considered an

The underlying ideas of the present treatise originate from some speculations by the author in the late 1960s on the possible existence of a nonzero electric fi

Excerpt from Quantum Electrodynamics: A Lecture Note and Reprint Volume It should be emphasized that: lecture - notes are necessarily rough and informal, both i