Ecophysiological mechanisms underlie plant responses to environmental conditions and the influence these responses have on ecological patterns and processes. In

Process-based models open the way to useful predictions of the future growth rate of forests and provide a means of assessing the probable effects of variations

Forest management is a complex process that now incorporates information obtained from many sources. It is increasingly obvious that the physiological status of

Extreme climatic events, such as intense and prolonged droughts and heat waves, are occurring with increasing frequency and with pronounced impacts on forests.

This book introduces a holistic synthesis of carbon and nitrogen fluxes in forest ecosystems from cell to stand level during the lifetime of trees. Establishing