This paper discusses that for ease of comparison between the nominal effective exchange rate index and the real effective exchange rate index, the average excha

In 2011 the World Bank—with funding from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation—launched the Global Findex database, the world's most comprehensive data set

This paper discusses currencies’ relative importance in international trade and finance, the weights are based on the value of the exports of goods and servic

This report summarizes the findings of the Financial Sector Assessment Program (FSAP) Update for Spain. Although there is a core of strong banks that are well m

We explore empirically how the time-varying allocation of credit across firms with heterogeneous credit quality matters for financial stability outcomes. Using