1821 Guadalajara, Mexico exhibited surprising mobility within its population. Using data from the back-to-back censuses of 1821 and 1822, this study argues that

At the Heart of the Borderlands is the first book-length study of Africans and Afro-descendants in the frontiers of Spanish America. While people of African des

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Originally published in 1989, this study looks at the emigration and migration of people, including to and between urban centres, in 18th century Spanish Americ