Many investment arbitration cases involve a challenge to a regulatory measure of a host state on the basis of indirect expropriation. The practice of arbitral t

The purpose of this book is to clarify issues of international importance relating to the varying interpretations of expropriation and confiscation arising duri

This book outlines the protection standards typically contained in international investment agreements as they are actually applied and interpreted by investmen

When does a state measure become subject to compensation as an indirect expropriation under international law? The author examines claims of indirect takings fr

In recent years, there has been a marked increase in the number of investors seeking compensation from states perceived to have expropriated their projects. Par