Background. Over 80% of bias motivated violent victimization is motivated by race or ethnicity and over 50% of bias victimization occurs in Non-Hispanic Whites

Analysts have long noted that some societies have much higher rates of criminal violence than others. They have also observed that the risk of being a victim or

Nine studies by US, Canadian, and Australian academics are conducted on the following subjects: blacks and whites as victims and offenders in aggressive crimes

This book investigates the phenomenon of racist victimization in a number of countries, uncovering and analyzing its historical roots, its relation to the legal

This Handbook presents current and future studies on the changing dynamics of the role of immigrants and the impact of immigration, across the United States and