The Soviet Union maintains that its territorial waters, including those in the Arctic, extend 12 n mi from its coastline. It has also declared a 'sector claim'

Study of 7 major questions: the applicability of the right of innocent passage to the Northwest and Northeast Passages; the status of the waters of the Canadian

With the fundamental changes which occurred in the political structure of Europe, and improved East--West relations in general, the Arctic has increasingly beco

Sets out the international law relevant to the Arctic, from Indigenous peoples to environmental protection to oil and gas exploration.

While the Arctic Ocean has long been covered with ice, recent changes in climate have caused the ice to melt, spurring both conservation challenges to the regio