This book offers a comprehensive account of the case law of the ECJ, the European Court of Human Rights, and the German Federal Constitutional Court regarding t

This book uses empirical analysis to show that courts refrain from using the proportionality test as a means of judicial activism.

The Ultimate Rule of Law addresses the age-old tension between law and politics by examining whether the personal beliefs of judges come into play in adjudicati

To speak of human rights in the twenty-first century is to speak of proportionality. Proportionality has been received into the constitutional doctrine of court

A comparative and empirical analysis of proportionality in the case law of six constitutional and supreme courts.