Living communities are continuously changing, both as a result of natural processes and of human activities. It is essential for us to have effective biological

The state of ecosystems, biological communities and species are continuously changing as a result of both natural processes and the activities of humans. In ord

Birds as Monitors of Environmental Change looks at how bird populations are affected by pollutants, water quality, and other physical changes and how this scien

Annotation Long-term ecological data are critical for informing long-term trends in biodiversity and trends in environmental change. The Terrestrial Ecosystem R

Long-term monitoring programs are fundamental to understanding the natural environment and managing major environmental problems. Yet they are often done very p