By the early 20th century, Gypsies in Germany and Italy were pushed outside the national community and subjected to the arbitrary whims of executive authorities

This book addresses the nature and role of fear in the German world from the early modern period through to the 20th century. Offering the first collection that

This book concerns the persecution of the Sinti and Roma in Germany during the Second Empire (1871–1918) and Weimar Republic (1919–1933). It traces the ways

The German Empire before 1914 had the fastest growing economy in Europe and was the strongest military power in the world. Yet it appeared, from a reading of ma

While the fate of minorities under Nazism is well known, the earlier expulsions of Germany's unwanted residents are less well understood. Against a backdrop of