For a long time guilds have been condemned as a major obstacle to economic progress in the pre-industrial era. This re-examination of the role of guilds in the

What was the role of merchant guilds in the medieval and early modern economy? Does their wide prevalence and long survival mean they were efficient institution

"Guilds ruled many crafts and trades from the Middle Ages to the Industrial Revolution, and have always attracted debate and controversy. They were sometimes vi

This comparative study of the European history of apprenticeship offers a comprehensive picture of occupational training before the Industrial Revolution.

This 2001 book was the first survey of relations between town and country across Europe between 1300 and 1800.