In any serious engineering discipline, it would be unthinkable to construct a large system without having a precise notion of what is to be built and without ve

Based around a theme of the construction of a game engine, this textbook is for final year undergraduate and graduate students, emphasising formal methods in wr

A formal method is not the main engine of a development process, its contribution is to improve system dependability by motivating formalisation where useful. T

Formal methods are mathematically-based techniques, often supported by reasoning tools, that can offer a rigorous and effective way to model, design and analyze