This report is the second in a multi-part technical report series describing the development, calibration and validation of standards-based tests for English as

The main focus of this volume is test development and accreditation requirements and needs. One of the major objectives here is to show the key aspects of the a

This book is a practical guide to the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages: Learning, Teaching, Assessment (CEFR) (Council of Europe 2001) and t

In recent decades, the science of reading acquisition has been advancing through interdisciplinary research in cognitive, psycholinguistic, developmental, genet