The Dutch philosopher Baruch Spinoza was one of the foremost exponents of seventeenth century Rationalism and an early figure of the Enlightenment. His magnum o

The seventeenth century English philosopher Thomas Hobbes is best known for his political philosophy, as revealed in his magnum opus ‘Leviathan’ (1651). Hob

The early nineteenth century philosopher Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel is an important figure of German idealism, who achieved wide recognition within the conti

The French seventeenth century philosopher, Blaise Pascal was also a mathematician, physicist and master of prose. A child prodigy, Pascal had numerous interest

The Dutch humanist Desiderius Erasmus was the greatest scholar of the northern Renaissance, as well as the first editor of the New Testament. A classical schola