These guidelines are intended to assist countries in strengthening their policy frameworks for reserve management so that they can become more resilient to shoc

Reserves have a central place in the policy tool kit of most economies, providing insurance against shocks. In conjunction with sound policies, they can help re

This book explores current digitalization issues in finance and accounting with particular focus on emerging and transitioning markets. It features models, empi

Reserves remain a critical liquidity buffer for most countries. They are generally associated with lower crisis risks (crisis prevention) as well as space for a