This article analyses the principles applied by the European Commission in the state aid case Ciudad de la Luz. We first review how Market Economy Investor Prin

Introduction --The Dual Capacity of State and the MEIP --AG Lenz's View on the Applicability of the MEIP --Hytasa: Making a Distinction between the Two Capaciti

For upwards of thirty years EU and EFTA courts have been using a test for applying the Market Economy Investor Principle (MEIP) 10 determine whether a state int

The Market Economy Investor Principle (MEIP) is one of the most fundamental precepts of European state aid law. It is a useful tool at the disposal of the Europ

#1 New York Times Bestseller “Significant...The book is both instructive and surprisingly moving.” —The New York Times Ray Dalio, one of the world’s mos